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51.
Hongcan Cui Ronghua Xu Zhong Yu Yuanyuan Yao Shaoqing Zhang Fangang Meng 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):36
52.
Dénis B. Akouwerabou 《Natural resources forum》2023,47(1):42-59
This study shows that farmers in arid and semi-arid land can improve their efficiency if they have access to agricultural extension services. An exhaustive survey was used to obtain data from 423 cotton producers in the arid zones and 144 of wetlands in Burkina Faso. The method of the directional distance function modeling a multi-output technology was used. The results show that cotton farmers in the arid zones are not technically more inefficient than those in wetlands. On average, arid zone producers have a technical inefficiency of 0.056 while that of wetland producers is around 0.052. The agricultural extension, defined as receiving visits and advice from technical agents, is important for producers because it helps farmers choose soil and water conservation techniques and fertilizers adapted to the Agro-climatic conditions of their respective zones. Agriculture extension also helps farmers of the arid zones to reduce their technical inefficiency by advising them to cultivate small agricultural plots. On average, in these zones, the size of an agricultural plot is around 1.03 ha compared to those of wetlands which is about 1.6 ha. 相似文献
53.
为了有效预防遗煤自燃,深入研究自然发火初期的CO预测技术。基于回风隅角CO源的理论模型,以Gambit建立相似二维采场模型,数值模拟了采空区自燃“三带”范围,并采用现场束管监测手段对结果进行了验证。利用程序升温实验获得了不同温度段回风隅角CO的极限指标,并与现场实测值对比分析,进而预判采空区遗煤发火程度,为制定有针对性的防治措施提供理论指导。研究结果表明:CO作为低温氧化阶段预测指标对预防遗煤自燃具有重要作用。 相似文献
54.
55.
Nucleic acids and their analogues are getting more and more attention. Metal-mediated base pairs as a kind of simple and functionalized nucleic acids in special positions have widened the scope of application of functional nucleic acids and their analogues. In this type of base pairs, the representative is the interaction between metal ions and pyrimidine bases, especially the research on thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) and cytosine-Ag+-cytosine (C-Ag+-C) base pairs. This review summarizes the structure and mechanism of metal-mediate pyrimidine base pairs as well as the application in the biochemical analysis. It explores the mode and ratio of coordination between metal ions and base pairs, the effects on the stability of DNA helical structure, the related crystal structure and the three-dimensional configuration information in the DNA helix. The analytical application mainly includes various probes of metal ions, small molecules, protein and the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. Among them the most widely used metal ions detection, and its combination with spectrum technology, visualization and amplification technology greatly promoted the rapid development of sensitive detection technology. In further studies, it is necessary to reveal the mechanism of interaction between T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C, and more attention should be paid to combining of T-Hg2+-T and C-Ag+-C base pairs with other new technologies. The scope of practical application should also be further extended. 相似文献
56.
三峡库区典型消落带土壤及沉积物中溶解性有机质(DOM)的紫外-可见光谱特征 总被引:17,自引:12,他引:5
溶解性有机质(DOM)是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,在环境地球化学中扮演着重要角色.在测定三峡库区典型消落带土壤及沉积物DOM的紫外-可见光谱基础上,通过特征参数及光谱模型来获取DOM的地化特征和信息.紫外-可见光谱特征参数表明土壤DOM的芳香性、疏水组分及腐殖化程度都明显低于上层沉积物,与高程和土地利用类型无关;而所选择的4种吸收光谱模型中以模型2为最优.同时,不同模型和不同拟合波段均对DOM光谱曲线斜率(S)有影响:S值随波长增加而减小;而不同波段S值相关性存在差异,表明各波段S值仅反映DOM部分信息,而非全部.此外,特征斜率之比(SR)反映出表层沉积物所受降解程度(光漂白或生物降解)小于土壤和往年沉积物,其芳香性更高,分子量更大,参与降解的反应活性也更大;这表明DOM越新鲜,其受到的光照和生物作用相对较小,降解潜力越大. 相似文献
57.
外加可溶性碳、氮对不同热量带土壤氨挥发的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
在室内条件下采用静态吸收法,研究了外加可溶性碳、氮对不同热量带经长期施肥的3种农田土壤:黑土、潮褐土和红壤氨挥发的影响.结果表明,施用氮肥显著促进了土壤氨挥发,在单施氮肥和可溶性碳配施氮条件下,不同热量带土壤氨挥发量从高到低分别为潮褐土(14.3、 7.37 mg·kg~(-1)),黑土(1.52、 1.11 mg·kg~(-1)),红壤(0.998、 0.402 mg·kg~(-1)).添加可溶性碳显著减少土壤因施氮肥产生的氨挥发量,其中黑土减少27.0%,潮褐土减少48.5%,红壤减少60.0%.在黑土、潮褐土长期不同施肥土壤中,单施氮肥后氨挥发量均表现为无肥土壤 > 化肥土壤 > 化肥+有机肥土壤,与可溶性碳配施氮后氨挥发量变化规律相反;在红壤长期不同施肥土壤中,单施氮肥和可溶性碳配施氮后氨挥发量均表现为无肥土壤 > 化肥土壤 > 化肥+有机肥土壤.研究结果还表明,外加可溶性碳、氮后,潮褐土铵态氮含量的减少幅度和硝态氮含量的增加幅度均显著高于黑土和红壤,说明潮褐土中氮素损失潜能大. 相似文献
58.
利用紫外-可见吸收光谱估算三峡库区消落带水体、土壤和沉积物溶解性有机质(DOM)浓度 总被引:10,自引:9,他引:1
溶解性有机质(DOM)是陆地和水生生态系统的重要物质,有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)是可用光谱测定的DOM组分.基于2012年7月采集的土壤和沉积物样品以及2012年11月采集的水体样品,通过单波长、双波长、吸收光谱斜率(S值)和三波长模型建立CDOM与DOM浓度之间的关系.结果表明,4种模型中三波长模型效果最佳,水体数据模型的决定系数为0.788,土壤数据模型的决定系数为0.933,沉积物模型的决定系数为0.856.同时,利用2013年随机采集的32个土壤样品和36个水体样品对模型精度进行检验,结果表明,土壤DOM浓度的相对均方根误差(RRMSE)和平均相对误差(MRE)分别为16.5%和16.9%,水体分别为10.32%和9.06%,相比土壤DOM而言,三波长模型对水体DOM的预测精度更高. 相似文献
59.
Sara K. McMillan Alea K. Tuttle Gregory D. Jennings Angela Gardner 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(3):626-638
In urban watersheds, stormwater inputs largely bypass the buffering capacity of riparian zones through direct inputs of drainage pipes and lowered groundwater tables. However, vegetation near the stream can still influence instream nutrient transformations via maintenance of streambank stability, input of woody debris, modulation of organic matter sources, and temperature regulation. Stream restoration seeks to mimic many of these functions by engineering channel complexity, grading stream banks to reconnect incised channels, and replanting lost riparian vegetation. The goal of this study was to quantify these effects by measuring nitrate and phosphate uptake in five restored streams in Charlotte and Raleigh, North Carolina, with a range of restoration ages. Using nutrient spiraling methods, uptake velocity of nitrate (0.02‐3.56 mm/min) and phosphate (0.14‐19.1 mm/min) was similar to other urban restored streams and higher than unimpacted forested streams with variability influenced by restoration age and geomorphology. Using a multiple linear regression approach, reach‐scale phosphate uptake was greater in newly restored sites, which was attributed to assimilation by algal biofilms, whereas nitrate uptake was highest in older sites potentially due to greater channel stability and establishment of microbial communities. The patterns we observed highlight the influence of riparian vegetation on energy inputs (e.g., heat, organic matter) and thereby on nutrient retention. 相似文献
60.
基于未确知数学理论,考虑河流环境系统信息的未确知性,定义二维水质模型主要参数为未确知参数,建立未确知二维水质模型,递推计算出保护区划分的合理长度及对应的污染物浓度取值区间及可信度分布,并对未确知二维水质模型中各参数的影响做了比较分析。结果表明,利用未确知二维水质模型,以COD为污染物计算的晋江干流水源二级保护区水域长度为6 220m,该长度能在0.934 0的主观可信度上保证水质安全,而基于确定性水质模型,利用各参数均值计算的保护区长度5 350 m存在95.22%的水质超标风险率。未确知二维水质模型各参数影响分析表明,模型应用的未确知参数及各参数变异性对模型计算结果有较大关系,未确知参数考虑越多,保护区划分长度越长;参数变异系数越小,其对计算结果影响越小。 相似文献